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Vertical and Horizontal Steel Reinforcement for Below-grade WallsFootnote (1) Footnote (2)

Wall Height (m)

Backfill Height (m)

Max. Spacing for Vertical Reinforcement (mm)

Max. Spacing for Horizontal Reinforcement (mm)

150-mm wall

200-mm wall

150-mm wall

200-mm wall

2.44

1.22

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

1.52

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

1.83

10M @ 305

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

2.13

10M @ 203

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

3.05

1.22

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

1.52

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

1.83

10M @ 305

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

2.13

10M @ 203

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

2.44

15M @ 305

15M @ 457

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

2.74

15M @ 203

15M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

3.66

1.22

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

1.52

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

1.83

10M @ 305

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

2.13

10M @ 203

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

2.44

15M @ 305

15M @ 457

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

2.74

15M @ 203

15M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

3.05

15M @ 203

15M @ 419

3.35

15M @ 203

15M @ 419

Vertical and Horizontal Steel Reinforcement for Above-grade WallsFootnote (1)

Wall Height (m)

Max. Spacing for Vertical Reinforcement (mm)

Max. Spacing for Horizontal Reinforcement (mm)

150-mm wall

200-mm wall

150-mm wall

200-mm wall

Single-storey concrete construction supporting a wood-frame roof structure

2.44

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

3.05

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

3.66

10M @ 203

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

Ground floor concrete construction supporting a second storey wood frame and wood-frame roof structure

2.44

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

3.05

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

3.66

10M @ 203

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

Ground floor concrete construction supporting a second storey concrete construction and a wood-frame roof structure

2.44

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

3.05

10M @ 406

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

3.66

10M @ 203

10M @ 305

10M @ 419

15M @ 419

Minimum Steel Reinforcement of 210-mm Lintels with a 150-mm CoreFootnote (1) Footnote (2)

Opening Width (mm)

Factored Uniformly Distributed Load (kN/m)

2.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

900

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1 500

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

300

1-15M

300

1-15M

300

1-15M

300

1-20M

300

2 100

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

300

1-20M

300

2 700

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-20M

300

3 300

1-15M

0

1-20M

0

3 900

1-15M

0

4 500

1-15M

0

5 100

Minimum Steel Reinforcement of 419-mm-deep Lintels with a 150-mm CoreFootnote (1) Footnote (2)

Opening Width (mm)

Factored Uniformly Distributed Load (kN/m)

2.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

900

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1 500

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

2 100

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

2 700

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-20M

500

1-20M

500

3 300

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

500

1-20M

500

1-20M

500

3 900

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-20M

500

4 500

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-20M

500

5 100

1-15M

0

1-20M

0

Minimum Steel Reinforcement of 629-mm Lintels with a 150-mm CoreFootnote (1) Footnote (2)

Opening Width (mm)

Factored Uniformly Distributed Load (kN/m)

2.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

900

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1 500

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

2 100

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

2 700

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

3 300

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

3 900

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

4 500

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

5 100

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

Minimum Steel Reinforcement of 210-mm Lintels with a 200-mm CoreFootnote (1) Footnote (2)

Opening Width (mm)

Factored Uniformly Distributed Load (kN/m)

2.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

900

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1 500

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

300

1-15M

300

1-15M

300

1-15M

300

1-20M

300

2 100

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

300

1-20M

300

2 700

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-20M

300

3 300

1-15M

0

1-20M

0

3 900

1-15M

0

4 500

1-20M

0

5 100

1-20M

0

Minimum Steel Reinforcement of 419-mm Lintels with a 200-mm CoreFootnote (1) Footnote (2)

Opening Width (mm)

Factored Uniformly Distributed Load (kN/m)

2.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

900

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1 500

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

2 100

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

2 700

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-15M

500

1-20M

500

1-20M

500

3 300

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-15M

500

1-20M

500

1-20M

500

3 900

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-20M

500

4 500

1-15M

0

1-15M

0

1-20M

500

5 100

1-15M

0

1-20M

0

Minimum Steel Reinforcement of 629-mm Lintels with a 200-mm CoreFootnote (1) Footnote (2)

Opening Width (mm)

Factored Uniformly Distributed Load (kN/m)

2.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

Bottom Steel

Stirrup End Dist. (mm)

900

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1 500

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

2 100

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

2 700

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

3 300

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

3 900

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

4 500

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

1-20M

700

5 100

1-20M

0

1-20M

0

1-20M

700

Minimum Solid Shear Wall Length for Wind Pressure Equal to 0.4 kPaFootnote (1)

Width (m)

Length (m)

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200-mm-thick Wall (mm)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

12.2

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

18.3

1.22

1.22

1.26

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

24.4

1.22

1.22

1.67

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.26

1.22

12.2

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

12.2

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

18.3

1.22

1.22

1.53

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

24.4

1.39

1.22

2.02

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.53

1.22

Minimum Solid Shear Wall Length for Wind Pressure Equal to 0.6 kPaFootnote (1)

Width (m)

Length (m)

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200-mm-thick Wall (mm)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

12.2

1.22

1.22

1.26

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

18.3

1.22

1.22

1.87

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.41

1.22

24.4

1.53

1.22

2.48

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.87

1.22

12.2

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

12.2

1.22

1.22

1.53

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

18.3

1.55

1.22

2.27

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.71

1.22

24.4

2.06

1.22

3.01

1.22

1.55

1.22

2.27

1.22

Minimum Solid Shear Wall Length for Wind Pressure Equal to 0.8 kPaFootnote (1)

Width (m)

Length (m)

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200 mm-thick Wall (mm)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd Floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

12.2

1.22

1.22

1.67

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.26

1.22

18.3

1.53

1.22

2.48

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.87

1.22

24.4

2.02

1.22

3.30

1.22

1.53

1.22

2.48

1.22

12.2

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.34

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

12.2

1.39

1.22

2.02

1.34

1.22

1.22

1.53

1.22

18.3

2.06

1.22

3.01

1.34

1.55

1.22

2.27

1.22

24.4

2.73

1.22

4.00

1.34

2.06

1.22

3.01

1.22

Minimum Solid Shear Wall Length for Wind Pressure Equal to 1.0 kPaFootnote (1)

Width (m)

Length (m)

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200-mm-thick Wall (mm)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd Floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

12.2

1.28

1.22

2.08

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.57

1.22

18.3

1.90

1.22

3.09

1.22

1.43

1.22

2.33

1.22

24.4

2.52

1.22

4.11

1.22

1.90

1.22

3.09

1.22

12.2

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.28

1.67

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.26

12.2

1.72

1.22

2.52

1.67

1.30

1.22

1.90

1.26

18.3

2.56

1.22

3.76

1.67

1.93

1.22

2.83

1.26

24.4

3.40

1.22

5.00

1.67

2.56

1.22

3.76

1.26

Minimum Solid Shear Wall Length for Wind Pressure Equal to 1.2 kPaFootnote (1)

Width (m)

Length (m)

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200-mm-thick Wall (mm)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd Floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.26

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

12.2

1.53

1.22

2.48

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.87

1.22

18.3

2.27

1.22

3.70

1.22

1.71

1.22

2.79

1.22

24.4

3.01

1.22

4.93

1.22

2.27

1.22

3.70

1.22

12.2

6.1

1.22

1.31

1.53

2.00

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.51

12.2

2.06

1.31

3.01

2.00

1.55

1.22

2.27

1.51

18.3

3.07

1.31

4.50

2.00

2.31

1.22

3.39

1.51

24.4

4.08

1.31

5.99

2.00

3.07

1.22

4.50

1.51

Minimum Solid Wall Length for Sa(0.2) Equals 0.4Footnote (1)

Width (m)

Length (m)

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200-mm-thick Wall (mm)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.25

1.25

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

12.2

1.22

1.22

1.84

1.97

1.22

1.22

1.60

1.72

18.3

1.22

1.26

2.43

2.69

1.22

1.22

2.10

2.34

24.4

1.22

1.59

3.02

3.42

1.22

1.39

2.60

2.96

12.2

6.1

1.22

1.22

2.02

1.88

1.22

1.22

1.80

1.68

12.2

1.29

1.29

2.61

2.61

1.22

1.22

2.30

2.30

18.3

1.49

1.62

3.20

3.33

1.33

1.45

2.80

2.92

24.4

1.69

1.96

3.79

4.05

1.50

1.74

3.30

3.54

Minimum Solid Wall Length for Sa(0.2) Equals 0.6Footnote (1)

Width (m)

Length (m)

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200-mm-thick Wall (mm)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.22

1.22

1.85

1.85

1.22

1.22

1.62

1.62

12.2

1.22

1.36

2.73

2.93

1.22

1.22

2.38

2.56

18.3

1.46

1.86

3.62

4.02

1.28

1.64

3.13

3.49

24.4

1.76

2.37

4.50

5.11

1.53

2.07

3.88

4.42

12.2

6.1

1.61

1.41

3.00

2.80

1.46

1.28

2.68

2.50

12.2

1.91

1.91

3.89

3.89

1.72

1.72

3.43

3.43

18.3

2.21

2.41

4.77

4.98

1.97

2.15

4.18

4.36

24.4

2.51

2.92

5.66

6.06

2.23

2.59

4.93

5.30

Minimum Solid Wall Length for Sa (0.2) Equals 0.8Footnote (1)

 

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200-mm-thick Wall (mm)

Width (m)

Length (m)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.22

1.22

2.45

2.45

1.22

1.22

2.15

2.15

12.2

1.53

1.80

3.63

3.90

1.35

1.59

3.15

3.40

18.3

1.93

2.47

4.81

5.35

1.69

2.17

4.16

4.64

24.4

2.34

3.14

5.99

6.80

2.03

2.75

5.16

5.88

12.2

6.1

2.14

1.87

3.99

3.72

1.94

1.70

3.56

3.32

12.2

2.54

2.54

5.17

5.17

2.28

2.28

4.56

4.56

18.3

2.94

3.21

6.35

6.62

2.61

2.86

5.56

5.81

24.4

3.34

3.88

7.53

8.07

2.95

3.44

6.57

7.05

Minimum Solid Wall Length for Sa(0.2) Equals 1.00Footnote (1)

 

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200-mm-thick Wall (mm)

Width (m)

Length (m)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.41

1.41

3.05

3.05

1.25

1.25

2.68

2.68

12.2

1.91

2.24

4.53

4.86

1.68

1.98

3.93

4.23

18.3

2.41

3.08

6.00

6.68

2.10

2.70

5.19

5.79

24.4

2.91

3.92

7.48

8.49

2.52

3.43

6.44

7.34

12.2

6.1

2.66

2.32

4.98

4.64

2.41

2.11

4.44

4.14

12.2

3.16

3.16

6.45

6.45

2.83

2.83

5.69

5.69

18.3

3.66

4.00

7.93

8.27

3.26

3.56

6.95

7.25

24.4

4.16

4.83

9.40

10.08

3.68

4.28

8.20

8.80

Minimum Solid Wall Length for Sa(0.2) Equals 1.2Footnote (1)

Width (m)

Length (m)

150-mm-thick Wall (mm)

200-mm-thick Wall (mm)

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

2nd floor

1st floor of 2 storey

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

Short dir.

Long dir.

6.1

6.1

1.68

1.68

3.66

3.66

1.49

1.49

3.21

3.21

12.2

2.28

2.68

5.43

5.83

2.00

2.36

4.71

5.07

18.3

2.88

3.69

7.20

8.00

2.51

3.23

6.22

6.94

24.4

3.48

4.69

8.97

10.18

3.02

4.10

7.72

8.80

12.2

6.1

3.18

2.78

5.87

5.56

2.88

2.52

5.32

4.96

12.2

3.78

3.78

7.74

7.74

3.39

3.39

6.82

6.82

18.3

4.39

4.79

9.51

9.91

3.90

4.26

8.33

8.69

24.4

4.99

5.79

11.28

12.08

4.41

5.13

9.83

10.55